by inpac01 | Nov 15, 2021 | Real Estate
부동산 지식 18-TITLE RECORDS
TITLE RECORDS
State laws require the recording of all documents that affect rights and interests
in real estate in the public real estate records of the county where the property is
located. These public records, or title records, contain a history of every parcel
of real estate in the county, including names of previous owners, liens,
easements, and other encumbrances that have been recorded.
Deeds, mortgages, liens, easements, and sale contracts are among the documents
that must be recorded. Other public records that affect real estate title are
marriage, probate, and tax records.
Generally, a County Recorder’s Office or other similarly named office maintains
the title records.
Title records serve a number of purposes, not the least of which is to
avoid ownership disputes. Other important purposes are:
Public notice
Title records protect the public by giving all concerned parties
constructive notice of the condition of a property’s legal title:
who owns the property, who maintains claims and
encumbrances against the property.
Buyer protection
Title records protect the buyer by revealing whether a property
has marketable title, one free of undesirable encumbrances. The
buyer is legally responsible for knowing the condition of title,
since it is a matter of public record. Recording a transaction also
protects a buyer by replacing the deed as evidence of ownership.
Lienholder protection
Title records protect the lienholder by putting the public on notice
that the lien exists, and that it may be the basis for a foreclosure
action. Recording also establishes the lien’s priority.
Chain of title
Chain of title refers to the succession of property owners of record dating back to
the original grant of title from the state to a private party. If there is a missing
link in the chronology of owners, or if there was a defective conveyance, the
chain is said to be broken, resulting in a clouded title to the property. To remove
the cloud, an owner may need to initiate a suit to quiet title, which clears the
title record of any unrecorded claims.
Abstract of Title. An abstract of title is a written, chronological summary of the
property’s title records and other public records affecting rights and interests in
the property. It includes the property’s chain of title and all current recorded liens
and encumbrances, by date of filing. A title abstractor or title company analyst
conducts the search of public records, called a title search, needed to produce an
abstract. Insurers and lenders generally require the search to identify title defects
and ascertain the current status of encumbrances.
A title plant is a duplicate set of records of a property copied from public
records and maintained by a private company, such as a title company.
Recording system
There are no federal recording standards. Each state prescribes procedures
and requirements for recording in public title records: forms, proper
execution, acknowledgment, and witnessing.
The Torrens system. Certain states and counties use the Torrens system of
recording. The Torrens system differs from other title recording systems in that
title passes only when the conveyance has been duly registered on the title
certificate itself. Encumbrances likewise have no legal effect until they are
recorded. In effect, the Torrens title record is the title itself. It is not necessary to
search public records to ascertain the status of title; it is all reflected on the title
certificate.
To enter a property in the Torrens system, a court action must first clear title by
giving notice to all potential interest holders that they must express their claims.
At the end of the proceeding, the court decrees that the title is accepted into
Torrens registration. The Torrens registry retains the original registration
documents and provides copies to the recorder or other appropriate office. All
subsequent transactions affecting title must follow the proper Torrens recording
procedures and requirements.
Title evidence
Since the value of a property is only as good as the marketability of its title,
the evidence supporting the status of title is a significant issue. To
demonstrate marketable title to a buyer, a seller must show that the title is
free of
doubts about the identity of the current owner
defects, such as an erroneous legal description
claims that could affect value
undisclosed or unacceptable encumbrances
The four principal forms of evidence the owner can use to support these
assurances are:
a Torrens certificate
a title insurance policy
an attorney’s opinion of the title abstract
a title certificate
Torrens certificate. If available, the Torrens certificate is the best evidence,
for the reasons given earlier– it is not merely a record, but is the title itself.
Title insurance. In the absence of Torrens registration, a title insurance policy is
commonly accepted as the best evidence of marketable title. A title insurance
policy indemnifies the policy holder against losses arising from defects in the
insured title.
The common policy types are the lender’s policy and the owner’s policy, which
protect the respective policy holders’ interests in the property. Thus, a lender
who holds an $80,000 mortgage on a property will obtain protection worth
$80,000 against the possibility that the lender’s lien cannot be enforced. The
owner’s policy will insure against defective title to the extent of the property’s
initial or appreciated value.
An owner’s policy may have standard coverage or extended coverage.
Standard coverage protects against title defects such as incompetent grantors,
invalid deeds, fraudulent transaction documents, and defects in the chain of
86 Principles of Real Estate Practice
title. Extended coverage protects against liabilities that may not be of public
record, including fraud, unrecorded ownership claims, unintentional recording
errors, and unrecorded liens. Extended coverage may also protect against
adverse possessors, boundary disputes, and prescriptive easements. Neither
standard nor extended coverage insures against defects expressly excluded by
the policy or defects that the owner might have been aware of but did not
disclose.
Before issuing a title insurance policy, a title company conducts a title search
to uncover defects in title or unrecorded breaks in the chain of title. If the
search fails to discover any uninsurable defects, the company issues a binder,
or commitment to insure. The binder recapitulates the property description,
interest to be insured, names of insured parties, and exceptions to coverage.
Attorney’s opinion of abstract. An attorney’s opinion of abstract states that
the attorney has examined a title abstract, and gives the attorney’s opinion of
the condition and marketability of the title. Generally, an opinion is not a
proof or guarantee of clear title. Further, it offers no protection in the event
title turns out to be defective.
Title certificate. A title certificate is a summary of the condition of title as of
the date of the certificate, based on a search of public records by an abstractor
or title analyst. The certificate does not guarantee clear title against defects,
unrecorded encumbrances or encroachments.
by inpac01 | Nov 15, 2021 | Real Estate
부동산 지식 17-INVOLUNTARY TITLE TRANSFER
INVOLUNTARY TITLE TRANSFER-State law regulates all forms of involuntary alienation, whether such transfer
occurs by the laws of descent, abandonment, foreclosure, eminent domain,
adverse possession, or estoppel.
Laws of descent
Involuntary alienation occurs when a title-holder dies without a valid will. The
state’s statutes of descent and distribution identify heirs and the respective shares
of the estate they will receive. In the absence of heirs, title transfers to the state
or county by escheat.
Abandonment
Property that has been abandoned for a statutory period may also escheat to the
state or county.
Foreclosure
A property owner who fails to fulfill loan obligations or pay taxes may lose an
estate through foreclosure.
Eminent domain
Various government and public entities can transfer private property to the
public sphere by the power of eminent domain. The transfer is involuntary, even
though the owner receives compensation. For example, a city government wants
to widen a highway to accommodate growth. The government uses eminent
domain to condemn and purchase all properties abutting the thoroughfare in
order to complete the construction project.
Adverse possession
State laws may allow a real property owner to lose legal title to an adverse
possessor. An adverse possessor is someone who enters, occupies, and uses
another’s property without the knowledge or consent of the owner, or with the
knowledge of an owner who fails to take any action over a statutory period of
time.
To claim legal title, the adverse possessor must:
be able to show a claim of right or color of title as reason
for the possession
have notorious possession, which is possession without
concealment
maintain a consistent claim of hostile possession, which is a
claim to ownership and possession regardless of the owner’s
claims or consent
occupy the property continuously for a statutory period of time
in some states, pay taxes
A claim of right is based on the adverse possessor’s occupying and maintaining
the property as if he or she were the legal owner. Color of title results when a
grantee has obtained defective title, or received title by defective means, but
occupies the property as if he or she were the legal owner. A court may hold that
a claim of right or a claim of colored title is a valid reason for the possession.
Notorious possession and hostile possession give constructive notice to the
public, including the legal owner, that a party other than the legal owner is
occupying and claiming to own the property. It is possible for such notice to
prevail over notice by recordation as the dominant evidence of legal ownership,
provided the possessor has occupied the property continuously for the statutory
period of time.
In some states, the possessor must have paid taxes over a prescribed period to
obtain title. However, if the possessor has paid rent of any kind, the claim of
ownership might be refuted.
Avoiding adverse possession. An owner can avert the danger of involuntary
alienation by adverse possession by periodically inspecting the property within
statutory deadlines and evicting any trespassers found. The owner may also sue
to quiet title, which would eliminate the threat of the adverse possessor’s claim
to legal title.
A property registered in the Torrens system cannot be lost to adverse possession.
Estoppel
Estoppel prevents a person from claiming a right or interest that is inconsistent
with the person’s previous statements or acts. As a basis for involuntary
alienation, the doctrine of estoppel can prevent an owner from re-claiming a
property that was transferred under false pretenses. For example, an owner
conveys a property with a defective title. The grantor is fully aware of the defect
but makes no disclosure to the grantee. The grantor later cures the defect and then
claims to be the rightful owner of the property on the basis of the effort and
expense of clearing the title. Estoppel disallows the grantor’s claim because of the
prior conveyance action. The grantee remains legal owner and benefits from the
cleared title as well.
by inpac01 | Nov 15, 2021 | Real Estate
부동산 지식 16-WILLS
WILLS
A will, or more properly, a last will and testament, is a legal instrument for the
voluntary transfer of real and personal property after the owner’s death. It
describes how the maker of the will, called the testator or devisor, wants the
property distributed. A beneficiary of a will is called an heir or devisee. The
property transferred by the will is the devise.
A will takes effect only after the testator’s death. It is an amendatory
instrument, meaning that it can be changed at any time during the maker’s
lifetime.
Commonly, the testator names an executor, or personal representative, to
oversee the settlement of the estate. If a minor is involved, the testator may
identify a guardian to handle legal affairs on behalf of the minor.
Types of will
A will generally takes one of the following forms:
Witnessed
in writing and witnessed by two people
Holographic
in the testator’s handwriting, dated and signed
Approved
on pre-printed forms meeting the requirements of state law
Nuncupative
made orally, and written down by a witness; generally not valid
for the transfer of real property
Validity
State law establishes requirements for a valid will. The law generally requires
that:
the testator be of legal age and mentally competent
the testator indicate that the will is the “last will and testament”
the will be signed
the completion of the will be witnessed and signed by the
witnesses
the will be completed voluntarily, without duress or coercion
Probate
A court proceeding called probate generally settles a decedent’s estate, whether
the person has died testate (having left a valid will) or intestate (having failed to
do so). Real property may be exempted from probate if it is held in a land trust.
Probate of real property occurs under jurisdiction of courts in the state where the
property is located, regardless of where the deceased resided.
The probate court’s objectives are to:
validate the will, if one exists
identify and settle all claims and
outstanding debts against the estate
distribute the remainder of the estate to the rightful heirs If the
will does not name an executor, the court will appoint an
administrator to fulfill this role.
Testate proceeding. If the decedent died with a valid will, the court hears the
claims of lienors and creditors and determines their validity. First in line are
the superior liens: those for real estate taxes, assessment taxes, federal estate
taxes, and state inheritance taxes. If the estate’s liquid assets are insufficient to
pay all obligations, the court may order the sale of personal or real property to
satisfy the obligations.
The court must also hear and satisfy legal life estate claims, including those for
dower, curtesy, homestead, and elective share. These interests may prevail even
if the will does not provide for them.
Once all claims have been satisfied, the balance of the estate’s assets passes to
the rightful heirs free and clear of all liens and debts.
Intestate proceeding with heirs. If the decedent died without a valid will, the
estate passes to lawful heirs according to the state’s laws of descent and
distribution, or succession. Laws of descent stipulate who inherits and what
share they receive, without regard to the desires of the heirs or the intentions of
the deceased.
For example, John Astor dies intestate, leaving a wife and four children. The
laws of descent in his state provide that the surviving spouse receives one-third
of the estate, and the four children receive equal shares of the remaining two
thirds.
Intestate proceeding with no heirs. If an intestate decedent has no heirs, the
estate escheats, or reverts, to the state or county after all claims and debts have
been validated and settled.
by inpac01 | Nov 9, 2021 | Real Estate
부동산 지식 15-DEEDS OF CONVEYANCE
A deed is a legal instrument used by an owner, the grantor, to transfer title to
real estate voluntarily to another party, the grantee
DEEDS OF CONVEYANCE
1.Delivery and acceptance
2.Validity
3.Deed clauses and covenants
4.Statutory deeds
5.Special purpose deeds
6.Transfer tax
1.Delivery and acceptance
유효한 행위의 실행 자체는 소유권을 전달하지 않습니다. 소유권이 전달되려면 증서가 수여자에게 전달되고 수여자가 수락해야 합니다. 법적으로 유효하려면 증서의 전달은 설정자가
배송 시 유능한
물리적 전달을 넘어선 행위를 전달하려는 의도
수여자 수락의 유효성은 수여자가 증서를 물리적으로 소유하거나 증서를 기록하는 것만을 요구합니다.
수락되면 타이틀이 수혜자에게 넘어갑니다. 증서는 법적 목적을 달성했으며 재산을 양도하는 데 다시 사용할 수 없습니다. 양수인이 증서를 분실한 경우 유산에 대한 수여자의 소유권에는 영향이 없습니다. 부여자,
예를 들어, 수여자가 증서를 전달 및 수락한 후 분실했다는 이유로 유산을 회수할 수 없습니다. 양도인은 증서를 반환하여 재산을 반환할 수도 없습니다. 그렇게 하려면 수혜자가 새로운 증서를 실행해야 합니다.
Torrens 시스템을 사용하는 주에서는 소유권 증서에 증서가 등록되고 새 소유자에게 양도 증명서가 발급된 경우에만 소유권이 이전됩니다.
2타당성
주법에 따라 증서는 다음 요건을 충족해야 합니다.
타당성. 증서는 다음을 충족해야 합니다.
배송 및 접수
적법한 양도인과 적법한 양도인이 있어야 합니다.
양도인은 생존하고 법적 연령에 이르며 정신적으로 유능해야 합니다.
양도인이 법인인 경우 서명 당사자는 정당하게
인정 받은. 수혜자는 살아 있거나 법적 존재가 있어야 합니다.
그러나 법적 연령이나 정신적으로 유능할 필요는 없습니다.
서면
법적 설명 포함
부여 조항 포함
증서는 양도인의 현재 욕구와
수혜자에게 법적 소유권을 이전하려는 의도.
고려사항 포함
증서는 귀중한(금전적) 또는 좋은 것이 수반되어야 합니다.
(사랑과 애정) 배려, 하지만 금액을 반영할 필요는 없습니다
대부분의 경우 실제 가격.
수여자 서명
증서는 양도인이 서명해야 하지만 서명할 필요는 없습니다.
증서에 특별한 조항이 포함되지 않는 한 수혜자에 의해
수혜자의 수락이 필요합니다. 부여자는 다음 권한을 부여할 수 있습니다.
다른 당사자에게 변호사를 선임하여 증서를 실행할 권한을 부여합니다.
부동산실무의 76원칙
그들의 대리. 위임장 권한은 다음과 같아야 합니다.
유효한 운송을 보장하기 위해 기록됩니다.
인정하다
양도인은 공증인 또는 기타 권한이 있는 사람 앞에서 선언해야 합니다.
양도인의 신원과 서명이 진실한 자,
증서 집행은 자유롭고 자발적인 행위라는 것입니다. 부여자
그런 다음 에서 서명한 승인 증명서를 받습니다.
공증인. 일부 주에서는 유효한 완료를 위해 승인이 필요합니다.
양도. 대부분의 주에서는 기록하기 전에 이를 요구합니다.
증서. 따라서 승인이 없는 행위는 다음과 같은 경향이 있습니다.
재산에 대한 소유권 주장을 위태롭게 하다.
recoding
증서를 유효하게 만들기 위해 recoding이 필요하지 않습니다. 그러나 그렇게 하는 것이 수혜자에게 최선의 이익입니다. 증서를 기록하면 수여자의 소유권에 대한 건설적인 통지가 대중에게 제공됩니다.
3.Conveyance clauses and covenant, or warrant, clauses set forth all the
necessary provisions of the conveyance.
Conveyance clauses. Conveyance clauses describe the details of the transfer.
The principal conveyance clauses are:
Granting clause, or premises clause
the only required clause; contains the conveyance intentions;
names the parties; describes the property; indicates nominal
consideration
Habendum clause
describes the type of estate being conveyed (fee simple, life, etc.)
Reddendum clause, or reserving clause
recites restrictions and limitations to the estate being conveyed,
e.g., deed restrictions, liens, easements, encroachments, etc.
Tenendum clause
identifies property being conveyed in addition to land
Covenant, or warrant, clauses. Covenant clauses present the grantor’s
assurances to the grantee. A deed of conveyance usually contains one or more of
the following covenants, depending on the type of deed.
Warrant of seisin
assures that the grantor owns the estate to be conveyed, and
has the right to do so
Chapter 6: Transferring and Recording Title 77
Warrant of quiet enjoyment
assures that the grantee will not be disturbed by third party
title disputes
Warrant of further assurance
assures that the grantor will assist in clearing any title
problems discovered later
Warranty forever; warranty of title
assures that the grantee will receive good title, and that grantor
will assist in defending any claims to the contrary
Warrant of encumbrances
assures that there are no encumbrances on the property except
those expressly named
Warranty against grantor’s acts
states the assurance of a trustee, acting as grantor on behalf of the
owner, that nothing has been done to impair title during the
fiduciary period.
4.Statutory Deeds
A deed of conveyance can make a variety of warranties and convey a range of
interests. The most common deeds are statutory deeds, in which the covenants
are defined in law and do not need to be fully stated in the deed. The prominent
types are the following.
Bargain and sale deed. In a bargain and sale deed, the grantor covenants that
the title is valid but may or may not warrant against encumbrances or promise to
defend against claims by other parties. If there is a warrant of defense, the deed
is a full warranty bargain and sale deed.
The overall bargain and sale covenant is: “I own, but won’t defend.”
General warranty deed. The general warranty deed, or warranty deed for
short, is the most commonly used deed. It contains the fullest possible assurances
of good title and protection for the grantee. The deed is technically a bargain and
sale deed in which the grantor promises to defend against any and all claims to
the title.
The overall general warranty covenant is: “I own and will defend.”
Special warranty deed. In a special warranty deed, the grantor warrants only
against title defects or encumbrances not noted on the deed that may have
occurred during the grantor’s period of ownership or trusteeship. The deed does
not protect the grantee against claims that predate the owner’s period of
ownership. Special warranty deeds are often used by trustees and grantors who
acquired the property through a tax sale.
The overall special warranty covenant is: “I own and will defend against my
acts only.”
Quitclaim deed. A quitclaim deed transfers real and potential interests in a
property, whether an interest is known to exist or not. The grantor makes no
claim to any interest in the property being conveyed and offers no warrants to
protect the grantee.
The quitclaim is typically used to clear title rather than convey it. Where there
is a possibility that prior errors in deeds or other recorded documents might
cloud (encumber) the title, the relevant parties execute a quitclaim deed to
convey “any and all” interest to the grantee.
If a party responsible for encumbering title refuses to quitclaim the interest, the
owner may file a quiet title suit. This requires the lienor to prove the validity of
an interest. If the defendant is unable to do so, the court removes the cloud by
decree
5.Special purpose
deeds A special purpose deed is one tailored to the requirements of specific
parties, properties, and purposes. The principal types are:
Personal representative’s deed
used by an executor to convey a decedent’s estate; also
called an executor’s deed
Guardian’s deed
used by a court-appointed guardian to transfer property of
minors or mentally incompetent persons
Sheriff’s deed
used to convey foreclosed property sold at public auction
Deed of trust
used to convey property to a third party trustee as collateral for a
loan; on satisfaction of the loan terms, the trustee uses a
reconveyance deed to convey the property back to the borrower
Deed in trust
used to convey property to the trustee of a land trust. not
to be confused with deed of trust
Master deed
used to convey land to a condominium developer; accompanied
by the condominium declaration when recorded
Chapter 6: Transferring and Recording Title 79
Partition deed
used to convey co-owned property in compliance with a court
order resulting from a partition suit; a partition suit terminates
an estate when one or more co-owners want to dissolve their
relationship and are unable to do so without the assistance of a
court.
Patent deed
used to transfer government property to private parties
Tax deed
used to convey property sold at a tax sale
6.Transfer tax
State law usually requires payment of a documentary stamp tax on a
conveyance of real property. The tax is based on the actual price of the property
conveyed, thus enabling taxing authorities to ascertain current market value for
ad valorem tax purposes. Payment of the tax is evidenced on the deed.
Exemptions from transfer tax include:
transfer within the immediate family
consideration less than a certain amount
transfer between government
entities or non-profit organizations
trust deed transfer and reconveyance
tax deed
by inpac01 | Nov 8, 2021 | Real Estate
부동산 지식 14-TITLE TO REAL ESTATE
TITLE TO REAL ESTATE
1.Legal and equitable title
2.Notice of title
3.Transferring title
1.Legal and equitable title
부동산에 대한 소유권을 소유한다는 것은 일반적으로 소유에 대한 권리를 포함하여 자산에 부가되는 완전한 권리 묶음을 소유하는 것을 의미합니다. 보다 정확하게는 모든 소유권 이해 관계를 소유한 사람이 해당 부동산에 대한 법적 소유권을 소유합니다.
법적 소유권은 법적 소유자와 구매자 또는 채권자 간의 매매 또는 모기지 계약에 따라 재산에 대한 법적 소유권을 획득할 수 있는 이권 또는 권리인 공평한 소유권과 구별됩니다.
법적 소유권에 대한 소유권이 계약에 따라 결정되는 계약 기간 동안 구매자 또는 대출자는 해당 부동산에 대한 동등한 소유권을 소유합니다.
예를 들어, 구매자는 집을 구매하기 위한 증서에 대한 계약을 체결합니다. 판매자는 구매 가격의 대부분을 구매자에게 3년 동안 빌려줍니다.
구매자는 부동산을 점유하고 대출금을 지불합니다.
이 기간 동안 판매자는 법적 소유권을 유지하고 구매자는 공평한 소유권을 소유합니다. 구매자가 3년 동안 계약 조건을 이행하는 경우 구매자는 법적 소유권을 얻기 위해 집행 가능한 계약을 맺습니다.
또 다른 일반적인 예는 대출 기관이 채무 불이행 시 법적 소유권을 대출 기관에 이전하는 엄격한 차압을 실행할 수 있는 권한을 부여하는 모기지 대출 거래입니다. 이 계약상의 권리로 대출 기관은 부동산에 대해 공평한 소유권을 갖습니다.
.
실제로 “제목”과 “법적 소유권”이라는 용어는 종종 같은 의미로 사용됩니다.
2.제목 통지Notice of title
부동산의 사적 소유권을 허용하는 모든 법률 시스템에서는 누가 부동산의 특정 구획을 진정으로 소유하는지에 대한 분쟁이 항상 있을 것입니다. 예를 들어, 소유자는 자신의 재산을 관련 없는 세 당사자에게 “판매”할 수 있습니다. 첫 번째 파티
가장 빠른 날짜에 부동산을 구입하고, 제2자가 가장 높은 가격을 지불하고, 제3자가 최상의 증서인 보증 증서를 받습니다. 재산에 대한 법적 소유권은 누구에게 있습니까?
법적 소유권은 증거의 기능입니다. 법원은 일반적으로 소유권 증거가 우세한 사람이 재산의 소유자라고 판결합니다. 예에서 처음 두 명의 구매자가 증서를 받지 못한 경우
제 3자가 그랬다면 제 3자가 가장 좋은 증거를 갖고 법적 소유권자가 될 수 있습니다. 그러나 첫 번째 구매자가 그 집으로 이사를 와서 원래 소유자가 두 번째 및 세 번째 구매자에게 부동산을 팔기 전에 6개월 동안 점유했다면 어떻게 되었습니까? 그리고 두 번째 구매자가 제목을 검색한 후
기록에 따르면 매도인은 부동산을 실제로 소유한 적이 없으며 따라서 누구에게도 합법적으로 매각할 수 없습니다! 이제 누가 부동산을 소유하고 있습니까?
이 그림은 부동산 소유권 증명의 어려움을 강조합니다. 당사자가 법적 소유권을 보유하고 있다는 절대적이고 반박할 수 없는 증거는 없습니다. 우리 법률 시스템은 두 가지 형태의 소유권 증거를 개발했습니다.
실제 통지 및 건설적 통지 – 결정을 돕기 위한 것입니다.
실제 고시.Actual notice “고지”라는 용어는 “지식”과 동의어입니다. 실제 통지를 받은 사람은 실제로 알고 있는 내용이 있습니다. 실제 통지를 받는다는 것은 직접적인 경험이나
의사 소통. 부동산 소유권을 증명할 때 유효한 유언장을 제시하는 등 직접적인 증거를 제시하여 실제 통지를 제공합니다. 다른 당사자는 증서를 검토하거나 소유권 기록을 읽거나 부동산을 직접 방문하여 누가 있는지 확인하는 등 직접적인 증거를 확인함으로써 실제 통지를 받습니다.
소유. 따라서 Mary Pierce가 부동산으로 운전하여 John Doe가 집을 소유하고 있음을 직접 확인하면 Mary는 John Doe의 소유권 주장에 대한 실제 통지를 받은 것입니다. 그녀의 지식은 직접적인 경험을 통해 얻습니다.
건설적인 통지.Constructive notice 건설적 통지 또는 법적 통지legal notice,는 사람이 가질 수 있거나 얻었어야 하는 사실에 대한 지식입니다. 건설적인 통지를 전달하는 가장 중요한 방법은 소유권 문서를 공공 기록, 특히 소유권 기록에 기록하는 것입니다. 공공 기록은 모든 사람에게 공개되므로 법은 일반적으로 소유권 증거가 기록될 때 일반 대중이 소유권에 대한 건설적인 통지를 받은 것으로 가정합니다. 같은 이유로, 법은 기록의 소유자가 실제로 합법적인 것으로 가정합니다.
소유자. 따라서 John Doe가 양도 증서를 기록하면 그는 소유권에 대한 건설적인 통지를 전달했으며 Mary Pierce는 받았습니다. 재산의 소유는 법원이 판결할 수 있기 때문에 건설적인 통지로 해석될 수도 있습니다.
Mary는 그 건물이 점유되어 있는지 확인하기 위해 그 건물을 방문했어야 했습니다.
실제 통지와 건설 통지의 조합은 일반적으로 부동산 소유권에 대한 가장 확실한 증거를 제공합니다.
3.Transferring title
Transfer of title to real estate, also called alienation, occurs voluntarily and
involuntarily. When the transfer uses a written instrument, the transfer is
called a conveyance
자발적 소외. 자발적 소외는 소유권이 소유자로부터 다른 당사자에게 판매 또는 증여에 의해 강제로 이전되는 것입니다. 양도인이 정부 기관이고 수취인이 민간 당사자인 경우 양도는 공공 보조금입니다. 양도인이 사적 당사자인 경우 양도는 사적 교부금입니다.
살아 있는 소유자는 양도 증서 또는 증서를 통해 사적 보조금을 받습니다. 소유자가 사망했을 때 발생하는 사적 부여는 유언장에 의한 양도입니다.
비자발적 소외. 비자발적 소외는 소유자의 동의 없이 부동산에 대한 소유권을 이전하는 것입니다. 비자발적 소외는 주로 혈통과 분배, 도피, 압류, 저명한 영역,
불리한 소유, 금반언.
by inpac01 | Nov 8, 2021 | Real Estate
부동산 지식 13-Transferring & Recording Title To Real Estate
Transferring & Recording Title To Real Estate
1.Title to Real Estate
2.Deeds of Conveyance
3.Wills
4.Involuntary Title Transfer
5.Title Records
TITLE TO REAL ESTATE
1.Legal and equitable title
2.Notice of title
3.Transferring title
Transferring Title to Real Estate
Voluntary-
1.public grant
2.deed
3.will
Involuntary-
1.descent escheat
2.foreclosure
3.eminent domain
4.adverse possession
5.estoppel
DEEDS OF CONVEYANCE
1.Delivery and acceptance
2.Validity
3.Deed clauses and covenants
4.Statutory deeds
5.Special purpose deeds
6.Transfer tax
WILLS-
1.Types of will-
Witnessed
Holographic
Approved
Nuncupative
2.Validity
3.Probate
INVOLUNTARY TITLE TRANSFER
1.Laws of descent
2.Abandonment
3.Foreclosure
4.Eminent domain
5.Adverse possession
6.Estoppel
TITLE RECORDS
1.Chain of title
2.Recording system
3.Title evidence
Recent Comments